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Famous Dutch Painters from Dordrecht, Ancient Capital of Holland
Part 10

Note : Please
do not email me with technical questions
about paintings and their age and
origin because I am not an expert
but I only have gathered information
about the Painters from the Netherlands
and specially from Dordrecht.
Dordrecht is not only known as
the oldest city and ancient capital
of Holland but also for the many
famous painters who were born or
lived in Dordrecht during the late
Middle ages and later centuries.
The most famous painters from
Dordrecht were :
Abraham Bloemaert, Ferdinand
Bol, Abraham van Calreat, Albaert,
Benjamin Gerritz and Jacob Gerritz
CUYP, Pieter Fontijn, Aert de Gelder,
Samuel van Hoogstraten, Arnold Houbraken,
Willem de Klerk, Frans Lebret, Jacobus
Leveck, Nicolaes Maes, Ary Scheffer,
Aert and Martinus Schouman, Abraham
van Strij, Jan Veth and many, many
others.
On the next pages you can find
many works from these famous painters
who were responsible for many styles
of paintings and they immortalized
the daily life and landscapes in
the 15th to 19th century. Most of
their masterpieces are nowadays
part of collections in museums all
over the world and of which many
can be seen in the local Dordrechts
Museum.
Dordrecht 1627 - Dordrecht 1678
Samuel van Hoogstraten
was born in Dordrecht on 2 August 1627. He was first the pupil of his father,
then, some time after his father's death in 1640, he entered Rembrandt's studio,
where a fellow pupil was Carel Fabritius. The two young painters probably
influenced each other: certainly both showed great interest in geometrical
perspective, and Hoogstraten constructed peep-shows with tromp l'oeil scenes
inside. Hoogstraten traveled widely, visiting Rome and Vienna, where he was
patronized by the Emperor. He was in London in 1666, at the time of the Great
Fire. He finally settled in his native town where he was made a Provost of the
Mint. His major contribution to art was a book, published in 1678 "lnleyding tot de Hooge Schoole
der Schilderkonst" (an introduction to the art of painting) and one of the few
handbooks on painting published in Holland in that century. He died in Dordrecht
on 19 October 1678.
Dutch painter and writer on art. He painted genre scenes in the style of
de Hooch and Metsu, and portraits. but he is best known as a specialist in perspective
effects. One of his "perspective boxes" which shows a panted toy world through
a peep-hole, is in the National Gallery, London. Only in his early works can
it be detected that he was a pupil of Rembrandt.
He traveled all over Europe exhibiting his trompe l'oeil-based peepshow
boxes. Samuel Van Hoogstraaten was a student of Rembrandt and studied the
writings of Da Vinci. He attended a Dutch school of Trompe l'Oeil which is
also a term that means 'deceptive trickery', to 'fool one's eye' and to 'deceive
the sight'.
Samuel van Hoogstraten in
museums in The Netherlands
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The holy family in an interior
Samuel van Hoogstraten
Ink on paper 16,2 x 13,2
cm
Dordrechts museum
A home
performance of the
Holy family, not as
usual, with Jesus as
a baby to Mary, but
as toddler in
intimate embrace
with Joseph.
Hoogstratens drawing
may have Rembrandt's eyes, but the scene
is certainly not
following the
master, rather a
translation of
Rembrandt's original
form language and
thought.
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Portrait of Mattheus van den Broucke, (1620-1685)
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1676
Oil on canvas 89 x 71,3 cm
Dordrechts museum
Matthew van den Broucke made career as governor of the VOC. In 1677,
a year after his townsman Van Hoogstraten painted this portrait of him
he became Mayor of Dordrecht. Van den Broucke had himself portrayed in
his role as regent and Board of Indie for the VOC. His left arm rests on
a globe, just above the area of the Dutch colonies in Indie. Left behind
the curtain Dordrecht is seen, with the Grote Kerk and the port where
ships just arrive in the harbors.
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Portrait of Johan Cornelisz Vijgeboom and His Wife
Samuel van Hoogstraten,
1647
Oil on canvas, 102 x 130 cm
Dordrechts museum
Portrait of Johan van Cornelisz. Vijgeboom and his wife Anneke Joosten
Boogaart in the garden of their Country house in Dubbeldam.
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Trompe l'oeil- still-life
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1664
Oil on canvas 45,5 x 57,5 cm
Dordrechts Museum
In August 1651 Van Hoogstraten received at the Viennese court of Emperor
Ferdinand III a gold medal. He received it in honor for a trompe-ll'oeil
painting or trickery of the eyes (bedriegertje). Soon van Hoogstraten
made a whole series of such fraudulent real paintings, with objects in a
letterbox. The personal significance of the objects were still a kind of
self-portraits. In this painting we see left the imperial medal on a gold chain.
Writing, a leather journal with the year 1664 and a book in marbled paper rolled
indicate Hoogstraten's literary activities. The antique cameo and the big ridge
of turtle suggest wealth, honor and social standing.
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Mint Masters of the Mint of Holland in Dordrecht
Samuel van Hoogstraten,1657
Oil on canvas 137,8 x 165 cm
Dordrechts museum
Dordrecht was already in the thirteenth century, the fixed currency city of
Holland. The officers of the Mint had inherited functions as "waardijn"
(Mint-master) who belonged to the upper-class of the city. In 1656 Samuel van Hoogstraten came to the Mint. As a newcomer he places himself
on the back row on the far right. On the table is a note with the names of the
portrayed. The main figure in the middle of the table is the "waardijn" Adriaan
van Blyenburgh. Compared with the Nightwatch by Rembrandt in 1642 this group portrait looks as
old-fashioned. Van Hoogstraten, even as Rembrandt did, made a good likeness of
the portrayed.
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Mint Masters of the Mint of Holland in Dordrecht
Samuel van
Hoogstraten, 1674
Oil on canvas 139,5 x 165,5 cm
Dordrechts museum
In his second group portrait of the Mint Masters placed Van Hoogstraten
himself in front. He took a confident attitude to decompose to Renaissance
portraits, with an elbow stabbing out of the picture. Van Hoogstraten, wares the
Golden medal he received from of Emperor Ferdinand III. The portrayed are placed
more in the center than in the portrait from 1657. Later, van Hoogstraten added new members on the top row. The three
heads at the top left are painted by the young Anthony Vreem (1660-1681). His
contribution is of meager quality therefore he was payed only eight guilders per
portrait, instead of the ten dollars that Van Hoogstraten received.
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Adoration of The Child
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1647
Oil on canvas 57,5 x 70,5 cm
Dordrechts Museum
A group of shepherds - men and women - worship the Christ Child in the crib.
At the right Mary in the background lookinh to Joseph. In this early work by
Samuel van Hoogstraten we see clearly clearly the influence of his teacher
Rembrandt (1606-1669). Rembrandt had a few years earlier painted the Holy family
himself, simply with homely atmosphere. The wood fire and the descending Angels
are also present on that painting. Samuel van Hoogstraten would shortly after
1650 radically change his style. With this painting he created one of the most
intimate scenes from his total oeuvre.
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Inside the Westminster Abbey London
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1663-68
Oil on canvas 156 x 110 cm
Dordrechts Museum
From 1662 to 1667 Samuel van Hoogstraten worled in London for his English
clients, he painted mainly portraits and architectural pieces. In this painting,
both genres are combined, A man and a woman posing in a church. The artist
wanted the attention of the spectator not only be given to the couple. He also
showed some highlights of his ingenuity as a perspective painter. With a refined
design, the eye of the spectator through a series of progressively by-look and
details. Behind the rich dressed pair is the text "Blessed are the merciful" to
read, a reference to Christian charity.
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Bird still-life wit cat
Samuel van
Hoogstraten, 1669
Oil on canvas 76,4 x 64,5 cm
Dordrechts museum
As art theoriticus Van Hoogstraten turned himself in his
writings against Still-lifes. In his classical training he protested
particularly against lifeless animals and things, he called this style of
painting the lowest step in art. He was opposed to an illogical arrangement of
objects, such as a slimy haddock in combination with a velvety fudge. Possibly this painting contains a humorous comment on the still life with dead
animals, the dead rooster in a beautifully draped dress is exhibited, as food
for the cat.
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Interior with lady and a dog
Samuel van
Hoogstraten, 1678
Oil on canvas 55,4 x 47,2 cm
Dordrechts museum
Genre pieces are paintings of scenes from everyday life, ranging from chic to
pub scenes and scenes of Jan Steen household. Van Hoogstraten painted around
1670 a number of small-size interiors with richly dressed figures. The careful presentation of the clothing and the color were used by the
wishes of the public in the second half of the seventeenth century. The look at
the other house was a typical tradition in Dordtse seventeenth-century painting.
It can also be found by the native painters Nicolaes Maes and Cornelis Bisschop.
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The Anaemic Lady
Samuel van Hoogstraten,
1660s
Oil on canvas, 70 x 55 cm
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam |
Mattheus van den Broucke (1620-85)
Samuel van Hoogstraten, c. 1670/78
Oil on canvas 142 x 111 cm
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Portrait of
Mattheus van den Broucke (1620-85), Governor of the Indies, with the gold chain
and medal presented to him by the VOC (Dutch East India Company) in 1670
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Madonna and child with St Anne
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1630
Oil on panel 71,2 x 55,2 cm
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam |
Portrait of a painter
Samuel van Hoogstraten, c. 1660
Oil on canvas 43 x 37 cm
Bredius Museum The Hague
Formerly also thought to be a self-portrait, but the model looks nothing like
the one next, nor is it similar in style and technique.
Most probably this portrait is Aelbert Cuyp aged about 40.
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Self portrait with turban
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1644
Oil on panel 63 x 48 cm
Bredius Museum The
Hague
Van Hoogstraeten has dressed himself up with turban, pearls
and fur collar to make himself look exotic. He must have painted it while still
a pupil of Rembrandt, as other Rembrandt-pupils did the same.
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Samuel van Hoogstraten in
museums in the United Kingdom
A Peepshow with Views of the Interior of a Dutch House
This stunning
peep-hole box by Van Hoogstraten is an intriguing example of the genre. Not
quite a painting, not quite a place, but a space of illusion where chairs and a
dog seem to inhabit an illusory three-dimensional hall. Through doorways beside
the dog and at the far end of the hall are glimpses of the rooms beyond. But
when viewed through peepholes at either end of the containing box, the dog in
the hall and the chairs seem to hover between the second and third dimensions,
but seen from the side, where one wall of the box is open, the anamorphic trick
is revealed.
The interior is painted with a dioramic representation of the interior of the
home of a wealthy Dutch citizen of the 17th century, seen in perspective from
two small eye-holes, one at each end. The cabinet is painted on the floor, the
ceiling and three sides, the fourth side being filled with a glass front to
diffuse the light. The outside of the cabinet is painted with allegorical
figures and a picture of the artist sketching.
This box is
one of the finest survived.
A Peepshow with Views of the Interior of a Dutch
House
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1655-60
Oil and egg tempera on wood 58 x 88 x 63.5 cm
National Gallery London
Signed on a letter on the floor of the box, A Monsieur/Mon(s) S. Hoogstraten/a/
dordrecht
A superb Hoogstraaten perspective box c. 1660. Two individual views
from individual peepholes provided this 3-dimensional view of a contemporary
Dutch home. Five walls of the interior 'box' are painted with interior scenes of
perspective while the front wall is left open for light. Light once again comes into our story as it is this very light from the open side that plays against
the perspective artwork of Hoogstraaten.
The peepshow is a
rectangular box, the
interior is painted on
three sides, as well as
on the top and bottom.
The sixth side is open;
originally light would
have entered the box
from this side, perhaps
through specially
treated paper stretched
across it. The box
would have been placed close to a window or illumination provided by a candle.
There are peep-holes in the two shorter sides which provide the illusion of
three-dimensional views of the interior of a house. Hoogstraten's box is an
unusually elaborate example, decorated on the exterior with allegorical
paintings which correspond to chapters in a theoretical book that the artist was
to write later. The long side illustrates love of wealth as a motivation for the
artist, who appears with a
putto holding a cornucopia. Love of art and of fame are the subjects of the
paintings on the short sides, while the top is decorated with an
allegory of physical love, representing
Venus and
Cupid in bed, painted in anamorphic (distorted perspective) projection.
The
box was painted in Dordrecht in the late 1650s. A number of such
peepshows were made in Holland but only a few examples have survived.
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Love of art and of fame are the subjects of the paintings on the short sides.
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The top is decorated with an allegory of physical love,
Venus and Cupid in bed
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The interior is painted with a dioramic representation of the
interior of the home of a wealthy Dutch citizen of the 17th century. |
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Through doorways beside the dog and at
the far end of the hall are glimpses of the rooms beyond. |
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Sir Thomas Knatchbull (died 1703)
Recorder of
Maidstone
Samuel van Hoogstraeten, 1667
Watercolour 32,7 x 24,1 cm
National Portrait Gallery London |
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A young man reaching for his cap
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1630
City Galleries, Manchester |
Samuel van Hoogstraten in other museums of Europe
Self-Portrait
Samuel van Hoogstraten
Oil on canvas 63 x 48 cm
The Hermitage, St. Petersbug
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Trompe l'oeil- Still-life
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1666-68
Oil on canvas, 63 x 79 cm
Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe |
Court of the Hofburg, Vienna
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1652
Oil on canvas 79 x 49,5 cm
Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien |
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Old man looking through the window
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1653
111 x 86,5 cm
Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien |
View of a Corridor
Samuel van Hoogstraten,
c. 1670
Oil on canvas, 260 x 140 cm
Musée du Louvre, Paris |
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Interior view, or The
Slippers
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1658
Oil on panels 103 x 70 cm
Musée du Louvre, Paris
From 1839-42 to 1877-83, this painting bore Pieter de Hooch's monogram
with the not unlikely date of 1658. Contemporary with the early work of de Hooch
and Vermeer, it was formerly attributed to each but is quite distinct from the
latter's experiments. Alluding - as does the Ter Borch-inspired picture in the
background - to the vain and gallant pastimes of the absent mistress of the
house, this is a subtly moralistic piece, a fascinating exercise in perspective,
and a painting of poetic calm.
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Samuel van Hoogstraten
in museums of the USA
Two Women by a Cradle
Samuel van Hoogstraten,
1670
Oil on canvas, 66 x 55 cm
Museum of Fine Arts, Springfield USA |
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The Detroit box
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1654-1662
Oil paint glass mirror and walnut 42.0 x 30.3 x 28.2 cm
The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit USA
The Detroit box is one of only six extant perspective
boxes. This type of boxes were made in Dordrecht, Holland during a twenty-five year period beginning about 1650.
The images incorporate several themes characteristic for Dutch paintings in the
late 17th century and portrays interiors of wealthy Dutch houses architectural views, and symbols of the
vanity of earthly pleasures.
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Resurrection of Christ
Samuel van Hoogstraten, c. 1650
Oil on canvas 81 x 64.9 cm
The Arts Institute of Chicago |
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Woman at a Dutch door
Samuel van Hoogstraten
Oil on canvas, 12.5 x 18 cm
The Art Institute, Chicago |
The Annunciation of the Death
of the Virgin
Samuel van Hoogstraten, c. 1670
Oil on canvas 66 x 52.7 cm
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York |
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Samuel van Hoogstraten in
Private collections
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Portrait of lady
Samuel van Hoogstraten
Oil on panel 40.8 x 30.8 cm
Private collection
Portrayed half-length, in a red and white dress, a dark red wrap and pearl
earrings, a letter in her left hand, leaning on a stone ledge
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Youth reading on stairs beneath a landing, a dog in the background
Samuel van Hoogstraten
Oil on canvas 238 x 171 cm
Private collection |
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Mother with a Child in a Wicker Cradle
Samuel van Hoogstraten
Oil on canvas, 58 x 48 cm
Private collection |
A Portrait of Count Ferdinand von Werdenberg
Samuel van Hoogstraten, 1652
Oil on canvas 192.4 x 134.6 cm
Private collection
Portrayed standing full-length, stepping from a Staircase with a Brittany
Spaniel. The painting is signed, dated and inscribed with the Hapsburg Coat of Arms.
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A young boy preparing to bath in a stream, watched by a girl
Samuel van Hoogstraten
Oil on Canvas 95.5 x 75.5 cm
Private collection |
A gipsy telling the fortune of a young couple under an arcade
Samuel van Hoogstraten
Oil on canvas 68.3 x 55
cm
Private collection
She seated small full
length, wearing a white
silk dress with yellow
wrap, he leaning over a
balustrade, wearing a
light brown mantle, a
Country house in a
garden beyond
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Portrait of a young man
Samuel van Hoogstraten
Oil on canvas 52.2 x
44.2 cm
Private collection
Portrayed
bust-length, in a
brocade-lined cloak and
a velvet black cap.
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Next : Famous painters from Dordrecht, Part 11
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